Investigation of the critical states of dielectric cracks in functionally graded piezoelectric materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A critical state for electromechanical loads that determines when the traditional impermeable (or permeable) crack model serves as the upper or the lower bound of the dielectric crack model, first proposed for homogeneous piezoelectric materials, is studied further for functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) in the current work. The analytical formulations of a single crack and two interacting cracks in the FGPMs are derived by using Fourier transforms, and the resulting integral equations are solved with Chebyshev polynomials. Numerical simulations are conducted to show the effect of crack length, positions of two interacting cracks and material gradient of FGPMs at this critical state. Interesting results show that the combination of the material gradient and the crack length α a plays an important role in determining this critical state. Our solutions also reveal there may exist several critical states for two interacting cracks in the FGPMs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".