Importance of Events in Tourism: Impacts of the UEFA-EURO 2004™ on the Accommodation Industry in Algarve, Portugal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In June 2004, Portugal organised the final phase of the European Football Championship, the Union of European Football Associations—(UEFA-EURO) 2004™. Algarve was one of the four hosting regions, organising three matches including the quarter finals. The bid for the final-phase organisation was politically controversial at the regional level, with arguments revolving around destination-image projection and economic benefits of tourism, particularly with respect to the accommodation industry. Considering the possible advantages that such an event has on the economy, this paper defines the role and typology of the UEFA-EURO 2004™ event and quantitatively assesses its economic impact on the accommodation industry. Using official data from the Portuguese National Institute of Statistics, the current findings show that the price effect partly explains the net decrease in overnight stays during the event, leading to an almost nil result for a short term—impact analysis. Future research developments related to medium—and long-term analysis are necessary to assess the material benefits for other industries and markets, in addition to evaluating the immaterial gains associated with destination image.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".