Acoustical analysis of vowel production in people with Parkinson’s disease.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Speech is the sound wave produced by the vibration of the vocal chords finely tuned by the supraglottal articulators: the tongue, the lips, and the jaw modulate the vocal tract shape to produce sounds that are distinctive enough to be distinguished. But how can people who suffer from a motor control disease such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) produce comprehensible speech? This work aims at studying the differences between speakers with PD and control speakers (C) regarding acoustical space, coarticulation, and contrastive emphasis. Eight speakers with PD and eight control speakers have been recorded in a speech production task. The Quebec French vowels /a/ and /i/ have been produced, in coarticulation with /b/ and /d/, in neutral and under emphasis contexts. The value of the first and second formants at the middle of the vowel, and the value of the second formant at the onset of the vowel have been extracted. Durations have also been extracted. The analysis showed that the coarticulation consonant has a greater impact on formantic values for the group with PD than the C group. Moreover, the formantic difference between the neutral and emphasis condition is greater for the group with PD than for the C group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".