Genioglossus Muscle Advancement with the Genioglossus Bone Advancement Technique for Base of Tongue Obstruction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report our early experience evaluating the efficacy of genioglossus muscle advancement using the genioglossus bone advancement technique (GBAT) for symptomatic base of tongue obstruction and sleep-disordered breathing. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized study. METHODS: Patient data were obtained from the hospital records of 13 patients undergoing genioglossus muscle advancement with the GBAT system. RESULTS: Thirteen patients underwent genioglossus muscle advancement with the GBAT system. All patients demonstrated greater than 75% obstruction at the base of the tongue as determined by preoperative Müller's manoeuvre. Nine patients demonstrated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and four demonstrated severe upper airway resistance syndrome on nocturnal polysomnography. Postoperatively, all patients reported improvement of snoring and hypersomnolence and greater than 90% improvement of collapse at the base of the tongue. Minor complications (3/13) included haematoma and transient tooth paresthesia. There was one case of infection requiring plate removal and one case of airway obstruction secondary to angioedema. CONCLUSIONS: Genioglossus muscle advancement using the GBAT system is a safe, simple, and rapid method for improving symptomatic base of tongue obstruction in sleep-disordered breathing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".