Determinants of change in the landscape of the Polish‐Ukrainian borderland as exemplified by Rawa Roztocze
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article concerns the development and present condition of the landscape of the southern part of Roztocze in the Polish‐Ukrainian borderland. The area is divided by the state frontier and is sometimes called Rawa Roztocze. Due to its turbulent history, its unstable political situation, and the diverse ethnic composition of its population, a distinctive form of landscape has evolved in this area. The cultural landscape that evolved over the centuries in Rawa Roztocze was destroyed and transformed by World War II. The demarcation of a new border between Poland and the USSR in 1944 profoundly impacted the area's landscape, particularly its population density, settlement arrangements, transportation network, and land‐use structure. A further consequence of the demarcation was the division of its landscape, which was quite homogenous until the outbreak of World War II. Since then, the landscape has developed differently on the Polish and Ukrainian sides of the border.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".