Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historiquement, avant 1804, le code se présente sous une forme double : recueil de sources formelles de droit, le plus souvent de législation, d’une part, fusion de l’ensemble des sources du droit en un texte nouveau consacré à une branche du droit, d’autre part. Ce n’est qu’aux XVIe et XVII e siècles que la seconde acception se manifeste en Europe occidentale, les siècles antérieurs suivant l’exemple romain du recueil de sources. Il faut attendre le XVIII e siècle, en Bavière pour que soient promulgués sous le nom latin de codex trois codes (civil, pénal et de procédure), préfigurations dans la forme et le nom des codes napoléoniens. Ceux-ci déclencheront, par mimétisme volontaire ou forcé, le mouvement de codification du XIXe siècle, sans que s’interrompe pour autant la confection de codes de sources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".