Modeling three dimensional environment and broadband acoustic propagation in Arctic shelf-basin region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rapid climate change over the last decade has created a renewed interest in the nature of underwater sound propagation in the Arctic Ocean. Changes in the oceanography and surface boundary conditions are expected to cause measurable changes in the propagation and scattering of low frequency sound. Recent measurements of a high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) sound speed structure in a 50 x 50 km2 region in an open-water shelf-basin region of the Beaufort Sea offer a unique and rare opportunity to study the effects of a complex oceanography on the acoustic field as it propagates from the deep basin onto the continental shelf. The raw oceanography data were analyzed and processed to create a 3-D sound speed field for the water column in the basin-slope-shelf area. Recent advances in both 2-D and 3-D acoustic modeling capability allow one to study the effects of the range- and azimuth-dependent water column layers on the frequency-dependent acoustic modal structure. Of particular interest is the nature of the 3-D and mode-coupling effects on the frequency response induced by the oceanography. The results will likely be useful in designing acoustic experiments with serious logistical constraints in the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".