Morphological Analysis of H<scp>i</scp>Features. II. Wavelet‐based Multifractal Formalism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 2D wavelet transform modulus maxima method is used to obtain quantitative information on the fractal/multifractal nature and anisotropic structure of Galactic atomic hydrogen (H I) from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey. Five mosaics were analyzed in the second quadrant of the Milky Way, corresponding to the Local, Perseus, and Outer spiral arms, as well as two "interarm" regions located between these three spiral arms. A monofractal signature is found for all five mosaics. An anisotropic signature is detected: the rms roughness fluctuations of the mosaics in the latitude direction differ from those in the longitude direction. This anisotropy is scale-independent for the interarm regions while it is scale-dependent for the spiral arms. The longitudinal matter distribution of H I structure is similar for all five mosaics while the latitudinal distribution is smoother in the spiral arms. These results hold for all physical length scales studied, from ~2 pc in the Local arm to ~44 pc in the Outer arm. Several hypotheses are investigated to provide a physical explanation: the scale-height gradient, the density wave, star formation activity, photolevitation of dusty clouds, random motion of H I clouds, corrugation, and turbulence. The slopes of the power spectra for an increasing number of velocity channels were compared for 11 sections of the Local arm column density mosaic. All slopes are identical within the uncertainties (-3.0) and we do not detect for the Galactic plane the change in the power law index predicted by Lazarian and Pogosyan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".