Increased islet antigen presentation leads to type‐1 diabetes in mice with autoimmune susceptibility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is frequently used in preclinical and clinical protocols to modulate autoimmune responses, bone marrow transplants, and recovery from immune ablative therapies. The immunological outcome of such therapies is not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that GM-CSF would enhance the maturation of antigen-presenting cells, facilitating presentation of beta-cell autoantigens to autoreactive T cells. We found that islet expression of GM-CSF greatly enhanced disease in male mice. Islet-derived APC but not splenic APC showed markedly enhanced capacity to stimulate in vitro proliferative responses of islet-antigen-specific autoreactive T cells. In vivo transfer of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells demonstrate that autoreactive T cells undergo extensive division in pancreatic lymph nodes of GM-CSF-transgenic mice compared with wild-type NOD male mice. Together, the results presented here demonstrate that expression of GM-CSF in the pancreas can enhance autoimmunity in disease-susceptible mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".