Improved Sensitivity and Characterization of High-Speed Ion Chromatography of Inorganic Anions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a reversed-phase monolithic column was permanently coated with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) to perform ultrafast separations of iodate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in as little as 30 s. Separations were performed using 6 mM o-cyanophenol (pH 7.0) at flow rates up to 10 ml/min and suppressed conductivity detection. Detection limits in the parts-per-billion range were observed for all anions studied (e.g., ranging from 30 ppb for phosphate to 4 ppb for sulfate). The reproducibility was 0.7 and 0.4% RSD for retention time and peak area, respectively. Coated columns were stable for up to 12 h of continuous use at 5 mL/min (i.e., 1-min separations).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".