Function and Carotid Distensibility in Obese, Overweight and Normal Weight Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Limited studies in children have shown arterial baroreflex gain (BRG), as well as arterial distensibility (Dist), to be reduced in obese children compared to their normal weight counterparts. In adults, arterial Dist has been shown to correlate with BRG. However, whether this relationship exists in children is unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the association between BRG and arterial Dist in a group of normal weight (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB) children. METHODS: Sixty-six subjects between 9-12 years old (39 males, 27 females) were classified into 3 weight groups (NW, OW and OB) based on age and gender appropriate body mass index cut-offs. Cross-sectional Dist was measured by using ultrasound to image the right common carotid artery (CCA), while simultaneously obtaining the corresponding pulse pressure by applanation tomometry in the left CCA. Five minutes of resting beat-by-beat heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure was collected using an ECG and Finapres, respectively. Resting autonomic profile and BRG were assessed in both the low frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz) areas using power spectral analysis. All spectral analysis results were log transformed before statistical analysis. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate differences between the NW, OW and OB groups. As well, bivariate correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between CCA Dist and BRG. RESULTS: CCA Dist was significantly higher (p≤0.01) in the NW group when compared to the OW and OB groups. In contrast, BRG of the NW children was not significantly different from the OW group nor the OB group in both the LF (p=0.72) and HF areas (p=0.14). When performing bivariate correlation analysis, CCA Dist significantly correlated with LF BRG (0.61, p≤0.05), HF BRG (0.75, p≤0.01) and HF systolic blood pressure area (-0.79, p≤0.01) in the OB group only. CONCLUSIONS: OW and OB children had lower CCA Dist compared to their NW counterparts. Although both LF and HF BRG were lower in the OB group, this did not reach statistical significance. However, correlation analysis showed that BRG and CCA Dist were significantly correlated in the OB children. This suggests that arterial Dist plays an important role in blood pressure regulation in obese 9-12 year old children. Supported by HSFO Grant-in-Aid NA5792.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".