Voids, generic van der Waals equation of state, and transport coefficients of liquids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss the role of voids in transport processes in liquids and the manner in which the concept of voids enters the generic van der Waals equation of state and the modified free volume theory. The density fluctuation theory is then discussed and we show how the density fluctuation theory can be made a molecular theory with the help of the modified free volume theory and the generic van der Waals equation of state. The confluence of the aforementioned three theories makes it possible to calculate the transport coefficients of liquids by using the information on the equilibrium pair correlation function, which can be calculated either by an integral equation theory or Monte Carlo simulations. A number of relations between transport coefficients are also presented, which are derived on the basis of the density fluctuation theory. Since they can be used to obtain one transport coefficient from another they can be very useful in handling experimental and theoretical data. An application of the modified free volume theory to polymer melts is discussed as an example for a theory of transport properties of complex liquids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".