Digital filtering using the multidimensional logarithmic number system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce the use of multidimensional logarithmic number system (MDLNS) as a generalization of the classical 1-D logarithmic number system (LNS) and analyze its use in DSP applications. The major drawback of the LNS is the requirement to use very large ROM arrays in implementing the additions and subtraction and it limits its use to low-precision applications. MDLNS allows exponential reduction of the size of the ROMs used without affecting the speed of the computational process; moreover, the calculations over different bases and digits are completely independent, which makes this particular representation perfectly suitable for massively parallel DSP architectures. The use of more than one base has at least two extra advantages. Firstly, the proposed architecture allows us to obtain the final result straightforwardly in binary form, thus, there is no need of the exponential amplifier, used in the known LNS architectures. Secondly, the second base can be optimized in accordance to the specific digital filter characteristics. This leads to dramatic reduction of the exponents used and, consequently, to large area savings. We offer many examples showing the computational advantages of the proposed approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".