Bifunctional Redox Iron/Cerium (Hydr)oxide Process for H<sub>2</sub>S Removal from Pulp and Paper Emissions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is the most abundant contaminant among the total reduced sulfur (TRS) quartet in the kraft mill atmospheric emissions. An advantage of the association of oxygen with TRS in the pulp and paper effluents is exploited in a new bifunctional redox scrubbing process based on iron chemistry for the removal of hydrogen sulfide. As synthesized iron/cerium (hydr)oxide composite materials were tested at ambient and alkaline conditions in an agitated batch reactor for oxidizing dissolved bisulfide (HS - ) in both aerobic and anoxic environments. Polysulfides and thiosulfate were the main detected reaction products. The presence of dissolved oxygen contributed to the sustained active surface iron sites regeneration thereby improving significantly HS - removal. Testing the material in three-cycle bisulfide oxidation without reactivation and in the presence of oxygen demonstrated its long-term efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".