A climatology of the Northern Hemisphere winter anticyclones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A climatology of the Northern Hemisphere winter anticyclonic activity is presented based on the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data set for the 1957–2002 period (ERA‐40) and a system‐centered method of tracking diagnostics. The method tracks the anticyclonic systems and monitors their evolution along their paths thus allowing documentation of aspects that have been previously overlooked due to the common perception of anticyclones as semi‐stationary, relatively uniform, slowly evolving structures. The anticyclonic signal is examined in a wide range of meteorological fields and at multiple levels, over the continental masses, over the subtropical ocean basins, and over the sectors where blocking highs tend to develop. Structural features, thermal and vorticity properties, and mobility characteristics of the corresponding anticyclones are highlighted. Over continental regions an association with low level pools of cold air is found to be prevalent for the Eurasian anticyclones but less so for the North American anticyclones. In the subtropical zone the anticyclonic signal in the regions affected by the winter monsoon, including southeastern Asia and the western Pacific features prominently in the upper levels. In the eastern sectors of the subtropical ocean basins the anticyclonic signal is less deep. Intense anticyclonic development at low levels is also identified over the western sectors of the subtropical continents where it appears associated to the effect of orography and of low level cooling. The dominant type of anticyclone observed in the regions of blocking is characterized by 5–6 days timescales and considerable eastward mobility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".