The Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel in Endocrine Cells of the Human Ovary: Role in Membrane Potential Generation and Steroidogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels couple the metabolic state with the membrane potential in several cell types, and recently evidence for K(ATP) channels was given in rat corpus luteum, a fast-growing and metabolically highly active tissue. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether K(ATP) channels are present in the human ovary and luteinized granulosa cells (GCs). Human GCs were examined regarding functionality and physiological role of the channel. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION: Human GCs were obtained from in vitro fertilization patients. RESULTS: K(ATP) channels are involved in membrane potential generation in human GCs because application of the K(ATP) blocker glibenclamide resulted in depolarization as monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, glibenclamide significantly attenuated human chorionic gonadotropin-induced progesterone production. The channel pore is composed of K(ir)6.1, but not K(ir)6.2, as indicated by RT-PCR. K(ir)6.1 subunit protein was detected in human follicular and luteal cells by immunohistochemistry and localized to the plasma membrane of human GCs by immunogold staining. RT-PCR experiments revealed the sulfonylurea receptor subunit SUR2B as part of the K(ATP) channel. In addition, mRNAs encoding SUR1 and SUR2A were detected in some preparations. There is no evidence for mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in human GCs because we detected neither K(ir)6.1 protein in mitochondrial membranes nor alterations of mitochondrial membrane potential by glibenclamide or the K(ATP) opener diazoxide. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrine cells of the human ovary possess functional K(ATP) channels, which are linked to both plasma membrane potential generation and progesterone production. Our results may provide new insights into human ovarian physiology and raise the possibility of pharmacological targeting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".