Langmuir and Langmuir‐Blodgett Asphaltene Films at Heptane‐water Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Monolayer characteristics of subfractions and unfractionated whole asphaltenes from Athabasca oil sands bitumen were studied at heptane‐water interface. The transferred Langmuir‐Blodgett films of asphaltenes were characterised with atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Monolayers prepared from the three asphaltene samples are found to behave similarly at heptane‐water interface. The high molecular weight asphaltene monolayer is the most expanded one whereas the low molecular weight asphaltene monolayer is the most condensed one. An asphaltene monolayer behaves differently at an airwater interface to a heptane‐water interface. The presence of the bulk heptane phase renders the interfacial asphaltene monolayer more flexible as compared to that at air‐water interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".