Wulff shape of microscopic voids in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">UO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>crystals
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
${\mathrm{UO}}_{2}$ single crystals with a size of around $1{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ are created in a process involving a period of spectacular grain growth. (111) cleavage cross sections through these crystals expose voids that are typically of \ensuremath{\mu}m dimensions. Low voltage scanning electron microscopy of the voids reveals that they are bound by {111} and {001} facets, and some appear to have reached their thermodynamic equilibrium shape (Wulff shape). An analysis of the facet areas shows that the smaller voids are closer to the Wulff shape, and have a surface energy ratio ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{001}/{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{111}=1.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05.$ The larger voids show step bunching at the facet intersections which typically gives rise to ordered step structures of 10s of nm periodicity and produces nanoscale staircases and amphitheatres. Evidence of void ripening by way of connecting channels is also observed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.815 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it