The spatial concentration of domestic and foreign multinational corporate headquarters in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the spatial concentration of corporate power in Canada and measures the regional imbalances that are presently so noticeable. Furthermore, since corporate power in many instances is becoming ever more synonomous with foreign control the research notes not only the spatial concentration of this control but the sectors of the economy that are effectively under foreign domination. The paper intimates that those areas that house the headquarters of the giant multinational corporation are the net beneficiaries of the monetary strength, political leverage and technical expertise that these establishments have available to bring to bear in a wide variety of economic and political situations. It follows that if an area benefits from the presence of large corporations, and these same corporations are concentrated into particular regions then the possibility arises that certain "have-not" regions will have cause to feel left out of the mainstream of decision making that characterizes the economic and political well being of the entire nation. It appears that this joint problem of spatial concentration and sectoral domination by domestic as well as foreign corporations may be one of the many catalysts fostering both present-day Canadian nationalism and overt provincial sectionalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".