Analysis of P-wave and S-wave Data on Near-surface Potential Hydrocarbon Indicators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The combined use of compressional (P-waves) and shear-waves (S-waves) seismic reflection data is appealing for providing insights into the prospectivity of petroleum systems because P-waves are sensitive to fluids and S-waves are not. This analytical method is tested on two potential hydrocarbon indicators located in a prospective area of the St. Lawrence Platform in Eastern Canada: a zone where P-bedrock reflections are blanked and a zone where high-amplitude P-reflections within the unconsolidated sediments are pulled down. For the blanked zone, S-reflections remain bring suggesting that gas is migrating vertically through fractured gas-prone shales. This is supported by P-velocity analysis showing a marked decrease of velocity over the blanked zone. The high-amplitude pulled down P-reflections appear mostly flat on S-wave data but S-amplitudes show a vertically disturbed zone sharply bordered by bright reflections. Velocity analyses indicate a drastic and slight decrease for P- and S-wave data respectively. P-anomalies are believed to result from gas venting through fractured shales into the unconsolidated sedimentary column. However, S-amplitude anomalies are probably due to local changes of the physical properties (e.g. density) of the matrix induced by fluid migration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".