Cross-Linked Poly(methacrylic acid-<i>c</i><i>o</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) Microspheres and Microgels Prepared by Precipitation Polymerization: A Morphology Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We applied the concept of precipitation polymerization in organic solvents to the polar and hydrogen-bonding monomers methacrylic acid (MAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMM), with ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linker. Soluble copolymers, swellable microgels, microspheres, macrogels, and coagulum were observed after copolymerization in mixtures of methyl ethyl ketone and heptane. Increasing the amount of covalent cross-linker or decreasing the solvency of the reaction medium caused a change of morphology from microgels to microspheres. The ratio of acid to ethylene oxide groups present in the comonomers also dramatically changed the polymer−polymer interactions and hence the morphology. Three types of cross-linking are proposed to exist in this system: covalent cross-linking by EDMA and hydrogen-bonding cross-linking between two acid units as well as between acid and ethylene oxide groups. The size of the particles increased with decreasing solvency, decreasing EDMA concentration and increasing PEGMM concentration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".