Auroral disturbances during the January 10, 1997 magnetic storm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known that intense and frequent auroral‐zone disturbances, often attributed to substorms, occur during magnetic storms. We examine observations during the January 10, 1997 main phase and find that observed auroral‐zone activity was dominated by a combination of global auroral and current enhancements, which are a direct response to solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements, and poleward boundary intensifications, which are localized in longitude and have an auroral signature that moves equatorward from the magnetic separatrix. Poleward and azimuthally expanding regions of auroral activity which accompany substorms are found to contribute significantly less to the observed activity. This suggests that poleward boundary intensifications and dynamic pressure responses may be an important cause of disturbances during periods of enhanced convection such as magnetic storms and convection bays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".