Demonstration of intracellular<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in bovine mastitis alveolar cells and macrophages isolated from naturally infected cow milk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus may be internalized and survive in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line. We report here the presence of internalized and living S. aureus in alveolar cells and macrophages in milk samples of bovine mastitis. We used fluorochrome labeled monoclonal antibodies, specifically recognizing surface cell markers of bovine alveolar cells and macrophages, to isolate these two types of cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting. Extracellular bacteria and DNA were previously eliminated to exclude possible contamination. In order to detect intracellular bacterial DNA inside the isolated cells, we used PCR amplification of bacterial DNA and the PCR products were analyzed by Southern blot with a specific probe for Staphylococcus. The results showed the presence of Staphylococcus DNA inside the two isolated populations of cells, confirming that S. aureus could penetrate alveolar cells and macrophages. The demonstration of the presence of intracellular living S. aureus was determined by bacteriological culture of positive samples plated onto blood agar plates and by its further identification. Our results showed for the first time that living S. aureus and its DNA are present in both alveolar cells and macrophages in chronically infected cow milk.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".