Lifestyle Modification, Cardiovascular Function, and Exercise Capacity in Subjects with Pre-Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lifestyle (diet and exercise) modification on left ventricular diastolic filling (LVDF), arterial distensibility (AD) and exercise capacity (VO max) in individuals with either high-normal BP (HNBP), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS: These preliminary findings are from a randomized trial of Staged Nutrition and Activity Counseling (SNAC) whose plan includes an individually customized Mediterranean style diet with physical exercise vs usual care lifestyle counseling. Thirty eight subjects with either HNBP, IFG, or IGT (20 M and 18 F, 54.8±8.6 yrs) have participated in the preliminary analysis of the study cohort. We assessed LVDF (early and late filling flow velocities, E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time and deceleration time), and AD of carotid (elastic) and brachial (muscular) arteries using an ultrasound device with a simultaneous BP measurement from the brachial artery at rest before, at 8 week, at 16 week, and following 24 weeks of SNAC intervention. Clinic BP using an automated device and VO2max by exercise treadmill test were also determined. RESULTS: VO2max was significantly increased at 8 week (38.2±9.6 ml/min/kg) compared to baseline (34.9±9.5 ml/min/kg) and was maintained throughout the study period (p <.05). Compared to baseline, clinic SBP tended to be lower at 16 week (128.2±14.6 vs 131.2±15.6 mmHg, p=.06) and DBP was significantly lower at 16 week (78.8±9.0 vs 82.9±9.8 mmHg, p <.05). AD of the carotid artery tended to increase at 8 week (1.11±0.43 vs 0.94±0.36 1/mmHgx10−1, p=.09); however, AD of the brachial artery decreased significantly following 24 weeks of intervention compared to baseline (0.17±0.06 vs 0.23±0.07 1/mmHgx10−1, p <.05). These changes were accompanied by the reduction of body weight (90.5±14.0 vs 93.1±14.6 kg) and waist circumference (96.4±11.4vs 100.8±13.3 cm) following 24 weeks compared to baseline (p <.05). LVDF indices did not change significantly throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that our lifestyle modification is effective for reducing BP, body weight, and increasing VO2max in subjects with pre-clinical cardiovascular disease risk factor. Supported by CIHR and HSF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".