Abused athletes' perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coach-athlete relationship is often one of the most important and influential relationships experienced by a young athlete.1 1 Gervis and Dunn Gervis, M. and Dunn, N. 2004. The Emotional Abuse of Elite Child Athletes by their Coaches. Child Abuse Review, 13: 215–23. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], ‘The Emotional Abuse’. While coaches may have many positive influences on young athletes, emerging literature also indicates problems of abuse. In fact, recent research indicates that athletes are not immune from experiences of physical, sexual and emotional abuse.2 2 Kirby, Greaves and Hankivsky Kirby, S., Greaves, L. and Hankivsky, O. 2000. The Dome of Silence: Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport, Halifax, Nova Scotia: Fernwood Publishing. [Google Scholar], The Dome of Silence; Stirling and Kerr Stirling, A.E. and Kerr, G.A. 2007. Elite Female Swimmers Experiences of Emotional Abuse across Time. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7(4): 89–113. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar], ‘Elite Female Swimmers’. Furthermore, the power of the coach is thought to be a contributing risk factor in abusive relationships.3 3 Bringer, Brackenridge and Johnston Bringer, J.D., Brackenridge, C.H. and Johnston, L.H. 2001. The Name of the Game: A Review of Sexual Exploitation of Females in Sport. Current Women's Health Reports, 1: 225–31. [PubMed] , [Google Scholar], ‘The Name of the Game’. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate abused athletes' perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship. More specifically, we were interested in abused athletes' perceptions of the power held by the coach, and the influence of this power on an athlete's experience of abuse. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine previously abused athletes; four retired elite female gymnasts and five retired elite female swimmers. Consistent with previous research, the participants reflected upon the significant power held by the coach over the athlete. The findings contributed to existing literature by revealing specific ways in which the coach's power influenced the athletes' experiences of abuse and their ability to report incidences of maltreatment. These findings are discussed and recommendations are made for abuse prevention and future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".