Relative hypoparathyroidism and hypoalbuminemia are associated with hip fracture in hemodialysis patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Patients with end-stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis are at an increased risk of hip fracture. In the general population, hip fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the predictors and outcomes of hip fracture in the hemodialysis population, including quality of life post hip fracture. METHODS: A case-control study from 1999 to 2005 included 29 adult hemodialysis patients with hip fracture and 55 controls, matched on age, gender and number of years on hemodialysis. A logistic regression model was used to derive predictors of hip fracture. The association between time to death post hip fracture and parathyroid hormone was analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier curve. The ability to live independently 1 year after hip fracture was used as a measure of quality of life. RESULTS: Variables associated with hip fracture were a reduction in serum parathyroid hormone by 100 pg/ml (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10, 2.46) and a decrease in serum albumin by 1 g/l (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00, 1.39). 40% of the cases died within the first year post hip fracture. Median survival time in patients with hip fracture and a serum PTH value < 100 pg/ml was 17 days (95% CI 0, 37 days) as compared with 280 days (95% CI 103, 471 days) for those with a PTH value > 100 pg/ml (p < 0.02). Among the patients who survived, 53% were subsequently discharged to a long-term care facility. CONCLUSIONS: Relative hypoparathyroidism and hypoalbuminemia are associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in hemodialysis patients. There is also a significant reduction in quality of life in patients sustaining a hip fracture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".