CADMIUM, COPPER, IRON, MANGANESE, SELENIUM, AND ZINC IN CANADIAN SPRING WHEAT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surveys of the average quality of different grades of the various classes of Canadian grains and oilseeds harvested each growing season are a major endeavor of the Grain Research Laboratory. With increasing interest in trace element levels in various cereal and oilseed crops, as part of the 1996, 1997 and 1998 Harvest Surveys, Western Canadian hard red spring wheat crops were characterized for cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc. Samples were selected from producer submitted harvest survey samples received from crop districts in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta for the 1996, 1997 and 1998 crops. The methodology, including sample preparation, instrumentation and quality assurance, is described for each element. Data generated from the three crop years was evaluated with temporal and spatial variability studies. Year-to-year variations in grain chemistry are small for Cd, Mn, Se and Zn, but Cu and Fe contents show 12% and 9% decreases respectively over the three years. The overall variability for the plant-essential trace elements, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, is low in comparison with Cd and Se. It is demonstrated that the spatial variation in crop chemistry across the Canadian Prairie wheat producing region is greater than the year to year variations, and that soil properties are major factors controlling Cd and Se levels in grain.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".