Geologic Map of Bhutan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Please click here to download the map associated with this article. We present a new, 1:500,000-scale geologic map of the kingdom of Bhutan, and surrounding areas of India and southern Tibet. The map is a compilation of the most complete and most recent mapping datasets available, and presents an unprecedented amount of structural data when compared to previous published geologic maps of Bhutan. The map is a combination of: 1) new data presented in this study; 2) compilation of small-scale, published geologic maps of specific areas of Bhutan, Tibet, and parts of India; and 3) compilation of specific areas of published, country-scale geologic maps of Bhutan. Mapping detail is focused primarily on Subhimalayan, Lesser Himalayan, and Greater Himalayan rocks, with a lower level of detail on Tethyan Himalayan rocks. We present new 3-part stratigraphic divisions for the Siwalik Group and the structurally-lower Greater Himalayan section, and compile detailed stratigraphic divisions and structural geometries for the Lesser Himalayan section and Paro Formation. We also compile detailed mapping of the Yadong cross-structure and other structurally-complex areas of southern Tibet, and present new locations for the South Tibetan detachment. Our map compilation also highlights specific areas in Bhutan that would benefit from future geologic mapping. It is our hope that this map will be a valuable tool to be utilized by Bhutanese geologists, future researchers visiting Bhutan, and travelers and trekkers as well. We also hope that this map will serve as a new starting point for future mapping in Bhutan and throughout the Himalayan orogen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.063 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".