Fractal Dimension Analysis of Time-Resolved Diffusely Scattered Light from Turbid Samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To improve quantification of optical properties in highly scattering and absorbing samples, time-correlated single photon counting measurements were analyzed using quantities related to the correlation dimension. Photon time-of-flight (TOF) distributions were collected in reflection and transmission optical configurations from samples made of cream and water-soluble dye (0 < mu(a) < 0.05 mm(-1); 100 < mu(s) < 250 mm(-1)). It was found that absorption and scattering properties of samples could be accurately quantified from information used to determine the correlation dimension. Scattering coefficients were estimated with less than 4% error for both optical configurations. Absorption estimates were made with CVs of 7.5 and 9.6% for reflection and transmission, respectively. Overall, fractal dimension analysis of TOF distributions provides a simple method of determining the optical properties of a sample.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".