1.25 V Supply 0.72 V Output Voltage Swing Two-Step Readout CMOS Active Pixel Architecture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large voltage swing active pixel structure for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors is presented. The sensor has a 1.5 × 1.5 mm die area, and it is fabricated by using 0.13 μm 1P8M digital CMOS technology. The pixel size is 5 × 5 μm . It has a two-step readout and 0.72 V output voltage swing with a power supply of 1.25 V. Three different photodetectors, including n-well/p-sub, n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /p-sub, and photogate, are implemented in a 32 × 92 array and tested. A maximum 61 dB dynamic range is measured from the photogate pixel, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 53 dB. The measured root-mean-square temporal noise is below 0.6% for three different pixel arrays. A ring oscillator readout circuit is also implemented to generate a frequency output according to pixel signal. A digital counter is used to further record the frequency signal, therefore an extra analog-to-digital converter is not required.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".