Corrosion of Pipeline Steel in the Presence of Alternating Current and the New CP Recommendation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The alternating current (AC)-induced corrosion of a cathodically protected X65 pipeline steel was studied in a high pH, concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solution. Results demonstrated that the corrosion rate of the steel increases with the AC current density, and AC interference could increase the pitting corrosion of the steel. In the absence of AC interference or at a low AC current density, i.e., 20 A/m2, a cathodic protection (CP) potential of −950 mV(Cu/CuSO4 electrode, CSE), which is 100 mV more cathodic than −850 mV(CSE) recommended by National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), provides a full protection over the steel. When the AC current density is higher than 20 A/m2, the NACE-recommended CP is incapable of protecting the pipeline from corrosion. A new CP standard is thus developed for recommendation to industry to avoid AC corrosion of pipelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".