Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Not Released in the Circulation Following Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Pigs
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Histological examination of acute lung injury associated with sepsis often revealed thromboembolic lesions in the pulmonary microcirculation. Several inflammatory mediators such as platelet activating factor, thromboxane, and endothelins have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE). In the present study we examined the roles of three proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-8, in the early phase of APTE. APTE was induced in 13 anesthetized piglets (22+/-4 kg) by injecting thrombin-induced blood clots directly into the left lower lobar pulmonary artery. Five animals that received only warm sterile saline served as controls. Arterial plasma samples were collected regularly over 8 h so that cytokine levels could be measured later by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Administration of clots doubled the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (from 13+/-5 to 26+/-7 mm Hg) and caused significant decrease in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 from 390+/-85 to 256+/-89 mm Hg while the FiO2 was maintained at 1.0). Mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output remained comparable throughout the experiments after initial fluid resuscitation. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 were not significantly increased in the APTE group when compared with their baseline values or the control group. Our results thus show that APTE is associated with pulmonary hypertension and deterioration of gas exchange but not with the systemic release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or IL-8. We conclude that these cytokines have minimal impact on the systemic circulation during APTE.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it