A note on Rayleigh wave velocity in saturated soils with compressible constituents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problem of Rayleigh waves in a semi-infinite saturated soil medium is reconsidered in this study, with the purpose of clarifying existing confusion and limitations of available studies. By employing Biot's general formulation, which takes into account not only the compressibility of the solid and fluid constituents but also the viscous dissipation due to fluid flow, the secular equation for Rayleigh waves is rigorously derived and the velocity of Rayleigh waves is computed for several typical types of saturated soils. The results show that the velocity of Rayleigh waves in general is independent of frequency in the frequency range actually employed in engineering practice and is only slightly less than the shear wave velocity. The results confirm that current understanding of Rayleigh wave velocity achieved based on the classical theory of elasticity is acceptable and indicate that some results in the literature are incorrect.Key words: Rayleigh wave velocity, saturated soil, porous media, wave propagation, analytical method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".