Ghrelin Is Suppressed by Glucagon and Does Not Mediate Glucagon-Related Growth Hormone Release
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glucagon stimulation is routinely used as a provocative test to assess growth hormone (GH) sufficiency in pediatrics. Ghrelin also markedly stimulates GH secretion. Because glucagon stimulates the promoter of the ghrelin gene in vitro as well as ghrelin secretion by the perfused rat stomach, we sought to determine whether ghrelin mediates glucagon-induced GH secretion. METHODS: We compared ghrelin, GH, insulin and glucose responses following administration of 0.03 mg/kg intravenously (iv; max. 1 mg) and 0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly (im; max. 2 mg) of glucagon in two groups (n = 10-11/group) of GH-sufficient children. We also measured ghrelin before and 6 min after iv administration of 1 mg glucagon in 21 adult subjects. RESULTS: In children, glucagon caused a 26% decrease in ghrelin and a 72% increase in glucose concentrations that were independent of the dose or administration route of glucagon. In contrast, the insulin response was 2-3 times higher following administration of 0.1 mg/kg im compared to 0.03 mg/kg of glucagon iv. There was a significant correlation between the maximum decrease in ghrelin and increases in glucose (p = 0.03) but not in insulin. There was a significant correlation between ghrelin and GH area under the curve after controlling for the dose of glucagon (p = 0.03) but not for the maximum increase in glucose.In normal adults, glucagon administration caused a 7% decrease in ghrelin concentrations after 6 min (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Ghrelin does not play a causal role in the GH response to pharmacological glucagon administration, which suppresses ghrelin levels starting a few minutes after injection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".