Evidence of a possible turning point of UVB increase over Canada, Europe and Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. This study examines the UV variability at 305 nm and 325 nm over selected sites in Canada, Europe and Japan. Site selection was based by the availability of UV spectroradiometric datasets longer than 15 yr. The analysis of UV variability was conducted in combination to total ozone, aerosol optical depth and cloud variability. The results suggest that the period with the longest available spectral measurements of UV irradiances over Canada, Europe and Japan can be divided into three sub-periods of scientific merit: the first period is the period perturbed by the Pinatubo volcanic eruption for which it is shown that excess volcanic aerosol might have enhanced by an additional 6% the "conventional" (+18%) amplification factor of UVB at ground level. The second period is characterized by a UVB increase caused by the synergy of ozone decline and tropospheric aerosol decline (brightening effect) during which overhead cloudiness remained without statistically significant trends. During this second period, the long term variability is the brightening of +0.94% yr−1 and +0.88% yr−1 at the wavelengths 305 nm and 325 nm respectively. The third period, which refers to the last 4–5 yr, might provide for the first time significant statistical evidence indicating the slowdown of the upward trends observed before, over the sites studied where UVB sites seem to have passed maximum UVB exposure levels since about 2006.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".