Stopping power of fast, partially stripped molecules and clusters: Vicinage effects in charge states
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a consistent variational approach to the vicinage effect on ion charges in a cluster made of partially stripped ions, based on the Brandt--Kitagawa theory for isolated ions, supplemented by dynamically screened interionic interactions. Interferences in cluster stopping power are shown to be strongly influenced by the ion-charge dependence on internuclear separations, and may give rise to energy loss enhancement or deenhancement, when compared to the case when the ion charges are frozen at the value corresponding to isolated ions at the same speed. In addition, the ion charge reduction is shown to be responsible for softening the interionic interactions responsible for Coulomb explosion. Calculations of the vicinage effect on ion charges are performed for a fast ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ molecule moving through a carbon target, and the roles of Coulomb explosion and multiple scattering in energy loss are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".