Contribution of on-farm and industrial composts to soil pH and enrichment in available nutrients and metals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil composition following addition of on-farm manure composts should be investigated for better utilization of these products in the field. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the contribution of several on-farm and industrial composts to soil pH and its enrichment in available major nutrients and metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). Materials were mixed at a rate of 200 mg N kg -1 with an Arago sandy loam (Humo-Ferric Podzol), and incubated in glass jars at 35°C for 13 wk. Composts from poultry litter (PL), vegetable residue (VR), wood shavings and dairy manure were among those that provided the highest levels of available N and P at the end of incubation. The vegetable residue compost also substantially increased the levels of Mehlich-3 Ca and Mg, but it was a poor source of K. Most dairy manure composts (DM) contributed to increase the soil exchangeable K. The industrial yard trimming compost (YT) largely increased soil pH and available N and Ca, but it was a very poor source of P and K. The spent mushroom compost (MU) also increased soil pH and Mehlich-3 Ca. In contrast to the major nutrients, on-farm composts had a limited impact on soil pH and on the available metal contents. This study indicates that the enrichment in major nutrients and metals of this acidic sandy loam and the relative contribution of the studied elements were mainly related to composted material sources and their degree of decomposition. Key words: Composting, farm manure, soil composition
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".