Aging, Circadian Weight Change, and Nocturia
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Normal young individuals excrete more sodium in their urine during the day than overnight, but the reverse occurs in older individuals with nocturia. The reason is unknown. METHODS: First, a self-study was performed, determining the relation between morning and night weight change as an index of volume expansion. This was followed for 1 year and modified, in separate experiments, by assessing either a diuretic (furosemide 40 mg) or recumbency. Weight and in some instances ankle circumference were measured, and day and night urines collected. Second, a community study of 102 individuals was done, measuring circadian weight change and nocturia for 3 days in each subject. Third, measurement of day and night urine electrolytes and weight change was performed in 10 non-nocturics and 12 matched nocturics (age > or =60 years). RESULTS: Salt and water retention occurs during the day and natriuresis and diuresis overnight. Nocturia occurs when weight gain is greater. It is prevented by an afternoon diuretic or daytime recumbency. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic nocturia is due to daytime volume expansion associated with the upright position. It is hypothesized that this is caused by sodium retention during the day mediated by renal nerve sympathetic activity which together with angiotensin II acts on the kidney to increase tubular sodium reabsorption either directly or by reducing daytime glomerular filtration rate.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it