Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a review essay on The Limitation of Charter Rights: Critical Essays on R. v. Oakes (Luc Tremblay and Gregoire Webber eds., 2009), a collection celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Canada's leading judgment on proportionality and limits on rights guaranteed by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The essay reflects on language in Canadian constitutional law, both the importance of the words used in talk about rights and the challenges of bilingualism. Sustaining scholarly reflection and dialogue in English and French, based on the equally authentic English and French versions of constitutional sources, remains difficult. The essay also reflects on the disjuncture between the legislative judgment in Oakes - the Court set out, prospectively, a test of general application for constitutional proportionality analysis - and the traditional conception of the judge's role in the common law tradition. Fidelity to that tradition would have inclined the judges, more modestly, to allow rules to emerge from the resolution of concrete disputes over time. Peculiarly, the question as to how judges, formed in the common law tradition, might interpret and apply a written constitution seems not to figure among the concerns of those who declare themselves the standard bearers of the so-called common law constitution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.029 | 0.057 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.089 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.023 | 0.021 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".