Right Thoracic Curves in Presumed Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case control study. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated preoperative presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with right thoracic curves to determine which clinical and radiographic findings correlate with neural axis abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Neural axis abnormalities on MRI are not uncommon in patients with left thoracic curves, increased thoracic kyphosis, and in children less than 10 years old. For adolescents with right thoracic curves, less is known regarding which clinical and/or radiographic characteristics accompany neural axis abnormalities. METHODS: A total of 529 presumed AIS patients with Lenke 1-4 right thoracic curve patterns had MRI evaluation before surgery. Thirty-six of these patients had abnormal MRIs (syrinx, Chiari malformation, and/or tethered cord). To differentiate between those with normal MRIs (n = 493) and those with abnormal MRIs (n = 36), the following preoperative clinical parameters were evaluated: age, gender, height, weight, asymmetric abdominal reflexes, thoracic rotation (scoliometer), coronal balance, trunk shift, shoulder elevation, and the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-30 questionnaire. Radiographically, thoracic curve magnitude, thoracic rotation (Nash-Moe), coronal balance, trunk shift, length of thoracic curve, location of curve apex, sagittal balance, thoracic kyphosis (T2-T12), and lumbar lordosis were evaluated. RESULTS: Neural axis abnormalities were found in 6.8%. Those with abnormal MRI findings had significantly greater clinical thoracic rotation (mean difference, 2.4°) and significantly greater radiographic thoracic kyphosis (mean difference 5.9°). However, there were no significant differences in: age (14.9 vs. 14.7 years), height for age (when adjusted for gender), asymmetric abdominal reflexes (3.5% normal MRI group vs. 6.1% abnormal group), coronal balance (clinical or radiographic), trunk shift(clinical or radiographic), shoulder elevation, thoracic curve magnitude (61.4° normal MRI group vs. 63.6° abnormal group), length of thoracic curves (7.0 segments normal group vs. 7.2 segments abnormal group), location of curve apexes, radiographic sagittal balance, or any domains of the preoperative SRS-30 questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Of preoperative presumed AIS patients with right thoracic curves who underwent MRI evaluation of the neural axis, 6.8% were found to have neural axis abnormalities, with those having increased rotation and/or increased kyphosis at higher risk. Surgeons should use this information when deciding whether a preoperative MRI is indicated in those with right thoracic AIS curve patterns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".