The Early Carboniferous volcanic outliers of Little Cumbrae and south Bute: implications for westward attenuation of the Clyde Lava Plateau
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Little Cumbrae and south Bute are the closest outliers of Early Carboniferous Clyde Plateau volcanic rocks to those forming the plateau itself, and the only ones with the potential to reveal how the volcanic succession of the plateau becomes attenuated westward beneath the Firth of Clyde. Closest links are to the Renfrewshire Hills Block of the plateau proper, where the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation attains its greatest thickness and widest extent. Basal lavas in both outliers can be correlated to the lower part of the Strathgryfe Member of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation (Viséan, Holkerian), which rests disconformably on the Clyde Sandstone Formation (Tournaisian, Chadian). Relative to the Renfrewshire Hills Block, this implies intervening overlap of three older members of the Clyde Plateau Formation and overstep of a varied sedimentary foundation. Higher lavas and pyroclastic accumulations in south Bute are correlative to the Misty Law Trachytic Member and upper part of the Strathgryfe Member. Thin lavas that cap the Renfrewshire Hills Block on its eastern flank probably never accumulated as far west as the present Firth of Clyde. Southwestward from the Renfrewshire Hills, the Clyde Plateau lavas lose about two thirds of their 1000-m thickness in 25–30 km – a rate of thinning that implies they may extend no farther than the Sound of Bute or northeastern Arran.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".