<i>Erysiphe elevata</i> (syn. <i>Microsphaera elevata</i> ), a new North American powdery mildew fungus in Europe infecting <i>Catalpa bignonioides</i> trees
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since September 2002, Catalpa bignonioides trees heavily infected with powdery mildew have been observed in five localities in Hungary. Infections appeared and spread rapidly on both young and older Catalpa trees planted as ornamentals in parks and along the streets. White mycelia principally covered the upper surfaces of the broad Catalpa leaves but were also found on the lower surfaces. Both young and older leaves were infected. Sporulating powdery mildew colonies were also found on the fruits. Conidia were produced singly on the conidiophores and measured 22–35 × 8–15 µm. Appressoria were simple or lobed, opposite or spread along the hyphae. Ascomata were produced in abundance on some leaves, mostly on the upper leaf surfaces. These measured 96–128 µm in diameter and bore five to nine 115–420-µm-long appendages. The appendages terminated in dichotomously branched, knob-like or slightly recurved tips. The ascomata contained four to seven stalked or sessile asci. Based on these characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Erysiphe elevata (syn. Microsphaera elevata). It clearly differed from E. catalpae, a species described from Armenia (Simonian, 1984) and also reported from some European countries (Braun, 1995). Pathogenicity was confirmed in a test conducted as described in Szentiványi et al. (2004) for snowberry powdery mildew. Erysiphe elevata is a common powdery mildew species infecting Catalpa spp. trees in North America (Braun, 1987), but its occurrence has not been reported outside the USA and Canada to date. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. elevata in Europe, suggesting that this North American species has increased its area of distribution only recently. Herbarium specimens have been deposited in the herbarium of Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany (HAL). This work is a part of a study supported by three grants (OTKA F32931, OTKA T042-494 and NKFP 4/008/2001) and by a János Bolyai Research Fellowship (LK).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it