Covalently modified graphitic carbon-based stationary phases for anion chromatography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon-clad zirconia particles have been converted into ion-exchange media by in situ diazonium generation and thermal deposition. The surfaces prepared possess either a permanently charged anion-exchange site or a weak anion-exchange site. Surface modification optimization experiments were performed both on planar carbon surfaces and on non-porous 2 microm and porous 3 microm carbon-based particles. Modification by traditional electrochemical and thermal deposition were compared. Surface modification with the tertiary amine functionality, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, yielded a capacity of 6.5 microequiv./column, stable retention for >33,000 column volumes and retention reproducibility of <2% RSD. A quaternary amine functionality (strong base exchanger) was achieved by reaction of the tertiary amine phase with methyl iodide. Utilizing short columns (35 x 4 mm i.d.) mixtures of common inorganic anions were separated with efficiencies of 21,000 plates/m.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".