Effects of Large Volume-Hemodilution Perfusion on Plasma Volume, Plasma Proteins and Plasma Electrolytes in Neonatal Piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two groups of 15 neonatal piglets underwent arteriovenous perfusion with the chest closed, at normothermia and without an oxygenator in the system until complete mixing of the blood and priming fluid was accomplished. The extracorporeal circuit was primed in one group with a warm (38 °C) buffered Ringer-lactate solution, and in the second group with an equally warm buffered solution of 2% Rheomacrodex in Ringer-lactate. The priming volumes of the perfused animals were individually tailored to result in a mixed (blood and priming solution) hematocrit of 22%. A control group of 15 piglets underwent the same surgical procedures but were not perfused. Large vessel hematocrit, plasma volume, the five major plasma protein components, plasma electrolytes and plasma osmolarity were measured before perfusion, immediately after and every 8 h for a period of 24 h. During perfusion, plasma volume, erythrocytes, and proteins were lost from the circulation. Plasma osmolarities showed larger fluctuations in the Rheomacrodex group than in the Ringer-lactate group. The neonatal pig is able to cope with large volume hemodilution resulting in a hematocrit of 22%. It shows a well-developed regulatory mechanism to counteract plasma volume and plasma protein losses; the replenishment of plasma volume and restoration of each major circulating plasma protein fraction, except γ-globulin, are accomplished in about 24 h. The restoration of plasma volume occurs faster than the restoration of plasma proteins, but when dextran is present the reverse is the case. Since the restoration of plasma volume, plasma proteins, and red blood cells do not show the same patterns, sequestration of whole blood is unlikely. 2% Rheomacrodex in Ringer-lactate appears to enhance protein restoration considerably.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".