Exercise endurance 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion in caffeine users and nonusers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the duration of caffeine's ergogenic effect and whether it differs between users and nonusers of the drug. Twenty-one subjects (13 caffeine users and 8 nonusers) completed six randomized exercise rides to exhaustion at 80% of maximal oxygen consumption after ingesting either a placebo or 5 mg/kg of caffeine. Exercise to exhaustion was completed once per week at either 1, 3, or 6 h after placebo or drug ingestion. Exercise time to exhaustion differed between users and nonusers with the ergogenic effect being greater and lasting longer in nonusers. For the nonusers, exercise times 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion were 32.7 +/- 8.4, 32.1 +/- 8.6, and 31.7 +/- 12.0 min, respectively, and these values were each significantly greater than the corresponding placebo values of 24.2 +/- 6.4, 25.8 +/- 9.0, and 23.2 +/- 7.1 min. For caffeine users, exercise times 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion were 27.4 +/- 7.2, 28.1 +/- 7.8, and 24.5 +/- 7.6 min, respectively. Only exercise times 1 and 3 h after drug ingestion were significantly greater than the respective placebo trials of 23.3 +/- 6.5, 23.2 +/- 7.1, and 23.5 +/- 5.7 min. In conclusion, both the duration and magnitude of the ergogenic effect that followed a 5 mg/kg dose of caffeine were greater in the nonusers compared with the users.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it