Room-Temperature Weak Ferromagnetism Induced by Point Defects in α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unusual room-temperature weak ferromagnetism alpha-Fe(2)O(3) was prepared by heating the mixture of commercial alpha-Fe(2)O(3) (as raw material) and tartaric acid at a mild temperature of 250 degrees C. This reaction involves a fast heating and cooling process resulting from the self-catalyzed oxidation of tartaric acid. Careful chemical analyses confirmed that no any ferromagnetic impurities, such as Fe, Fe(3)O(4), amorphous iron oxide and gamma-Fe(2)O(3,) were present in the treated sample. The unusual weak ferromagnetism was then attributed to the formation of a large amount of point defects in the treated sample during the peculiar synthetic process. Such a mechanism is supported by the result of annealing, which reduces the amount of point defects and thereby reestablishes the original antiferromagnetism in alpha-Fe(2)O(3).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".