Room-Temperature Weak Ferromagnetism Induced by Point Defects in α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unusual room-temperature weak ferromagnetism alpha-Fe(2)O(3) was prepared by heating the mixture of commercial alpha-Fe(2)O(3) (as raw material) and tartaric acid at a mild temperature of 250 degrees C. This reaction involves a fast heating and cooling process resulting from the self-catalyzed oxidation of tartaric acid. Careful chemical analyses confirmed that no any ferromagnetic impurities, such as Fe, Fe(3)O(4), amorphous iron oxide and gamma-Fe(2)O(3,) were present in the treated sample. The unusual weak ferromagnetism was then attributed to the formation of a large amount of point defects in the treated sample during the peculiar synthetic process. Such a mechanism is supported by the result of annealing, which reduces the amount of point defects and thereby reestablishes the original antiferromagnetism in alpha-Fe(2)O(3).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".