Determinants and Impact of Training: The Case of SMEs in Jordan
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While the literturte on SMEs performace foucused on the enabling external environement, little research focused on internal factors, mainly training. Moreover, most studies ignored enterprises that don't train their employees. This study addresses this issue and contributes to knowledge in two ways. First, it conceptualises training as a three stage process: in stage one, the manager decides whether to train employees or not. In stage two, mangers who decide to train their employees determine their demand for training measured by training expenditures. In stage three, training impact can be assessed. Secondly, the study identifies the detreminants of training and examines its impact on SMEs performance. The study found that manager's charatcteristics, enterprise's characteristics and other factors affect both the manager's decision in stage one and training expenditures. More importantly, the study found that training has a positive impact on SMEs' performance as measured by profits, revenues and employment growth.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it