Response of red‐osier dogwood (<i>Cornus stolonifera</i>) seedlings to sodium sulphate salinity: effects of supplemental calcium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A greenhouse study was designed to test the effects of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) on red‐osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx) seedlings in the presence and absence of additional calcium (Ca2+). Changes in growth parameters, ion and carbohydrate accumulation and cell wall composition were examined. Calcium alleviated the effect of Na2SO4 on shoot height; however, it did not affect the reduction in shoot and root dry weights. An increased level of sodium (Na+) in roots of plant exposed to Na2SO4 was recorded in the presence of supplemental Ca2+ whereas there was no change in potassium (K+) and Ca2+ levels. In shoots of seedlings treated with Na2SO4, the addition of Ca2+ did not affect Na+, K+ and Ca2+ levels. The amount of soluble carbohydrates was increased in leaves of seedlings treated with Na2SO4 both in the absence and presence of supplemental Ca2+. The decrease in cell wall material in response to salt stress was alleviated by Ca2+ in stem tissues although Ca2+ did not alter the changes in hemicellulose and cellulose. Sugar composition of pectins and hemicellulose were modified in stems and leaves by Na2SO4 and/or Ca2+. The results of this study showed that calcium was able to alleviate the effects of salt stress on shoot height and cell wall content of red‐osier dogwood stems. Furthermore, changes occurred in cell wall composition of red osier seedlings treated with Na2SO4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".