Photocatalytic Inactivation of Airborne Bacteria in a Continuous-Flow Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a continuous annular reactor was used to characterize the TiO 2 -mediated inactivation of an aerosolized Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli K-12 (ATCC 10798), by varying UV-A intensity (0.5−3.4 mW/cm 2 ), relative humidity (RH) (from 51 ± 0.61 to 85 ± 4.7%), and photocatalyst loading (960 and 1516 mg/m 2 ) at an air flow rate of 1 L/min. Inactivation rate of E. coli K-12 increased with an increase in TiO 2 loading, UV-intensity, and RH. A UV-A dose of 0.03−0.204 J/cm 2 at an average UV-A intensity of 0.5−3.4 mW/cm 2, at a residence time of 1.1 min, is sufficient to fully and continuously inactivate E. coli K-12 passing through the reactor. The photocatalytic inactivation rates obtained in the continuous flow reactor compared well with our earlier batch inactivation rates conducted at a UV-A intensity of 0.015 mW/cm 2 and a TiO 2 loading of 1516 mg/m 2 . This demonstrates the possibility of scaling up of the photocatalytic inactivation process for bioaerosol based on batch kinetic data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".