Gender Disparities in HIV Risk Behavior and Access to Health Care in St. Petersburg, Russia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over 40,000 HIV-infected individuals live in St Petersburg, Russia. Population characteristics and barriers to care are largely undefined. 152 consecutive patients receiving HIV care at two sites completed a questionnaire in Spring 2011. Rates of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, alcohol use, and rates of antiretroviral uptake were similar by gender. Males reported a higher history of injection drug use (80.3% vs. 48.7%; p<0.01) and tuberculosis infection (18.8% vs. 1.6%; p<0.01). Females were more likely to have had a child (63.3% vs. 31.5%; p<0.01) and be currently raising that child within their residence (49.3% vs. 15.3%; p<0.01). Unprotected sex (60.5% vs. 17.8%; p<0.01) and a history of sexually transmitted infection (37.7% vs. 20.3%; p=0.03) were more common in females. Females utilized social services more frequently (34.2% vs. 11.9%; p<0.01). There is a heavy burden of concurrent infectious disease, substance use and abuse, mental health illness, and need for social service support in this population. Important differences exist between genders in service uptake and utilization. Further evaluation of these differences may help inform the allocation of limited resources in this high HIV prevalence region of Russia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".